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Graham continued experimenting with the makeup of the substance until she achieved the perfect combination of paint and several other chemicals. The refined product was renamed "Liquid Paper" in 1958 and, amid soaring demand, Graham applied for a patent and a trademark that same year.

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Tipp-Ex correction paper was invented by Wolfgang Dabisch from Eltville, West Germany, who filed a patent in 1958 [2] on Colored film for the correction of typing errors (German: Tippfehler). He subsequently founded a company of the same name. Shortly after that a Tipp-Ex Sales & Distribution company (Tipp-Ex Vertrieb GmbH & Co. KG) was founded in Frankfurt by Otto Carls. This company still exists under the name of Tipp-Ex GmbH & Co. KG close to Frankfurt. Historical Inventors". LEMELSON-MIT. Archived from the original on August 3, 2019 . Retrieved March 22, 2019. Composition [ edit ] Correction fluid copolymer visualized under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The micro-structural details of the copolymer resin are visible under high magnifications. Correction fluid was applied on a glass base (visible in the bottom-right corner of all SEM images). The exact composition of correction fluid varies between manufacturers, but most fluids are composed of an opacifying agent, a solvent (or thinner) and an adulterant 'fragrance' to discourage abuse. The opacifying agent can be composed of a mixture of titanium dioxide, [2] latex, and other polymer resins. [3] Graham’s impact on her revolutionary invention, “Liquid Paper” shows its relevance through its longevity of use to even today. From its fruition in 1956, Graham’s invention is now in virtually every office desk and supply cabinet around the world. The substance, Liquid Paper, the correction fluid relieves writers of all stripes from the pressure of perfection.

Within our range, you'll find well known brand such as Tipp-Ex. An office classic, Tipp-Ex supply correction fluid, correction tape and correction pens. Tipp-Ex rapid correction fluid is fast drying, meaning your work won't be derailed by a mistake. Tipp-Ex white fluid will blend into paper, helping to keep your documents professional and presentable.Earlier, in 1951, Bette Nesmith Graham invented the first correction fluid in her kitchen and began marketing the product in 1956 as Mistake Out. [4] Tipp-Ex GmbH only started to produce white correction fluid in 1965 under the brand Tipp-Ex, but also as C-fluid. Correction fluid is commonly referred to by the leading brand names as genericized. These brands include: India has imposed a ban on the retail sale of bottled nail polish remover and bottled correction fluid, but permits its sale in devices that provide a small amount of the chemical in a container that dispenses it in a controlled way. The Ministry of Education also banned its use in schools in 2017. The manufacturer is required to affix a warning regarding the possible adverse effects on health if the material is inhaled. [6] [7] Manufacturing process [ edit ]

For reasons of hygiene and safety, personal grooming products, cosmetics or items of intimate clothing cannot be returned.Ethlie Ann Vare and Greg Ptacek (2002). Patently Female: From AZT to TV Dinners, Stories of Women Inventors and Their Breakthrough Ideas. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-02334-5. Overlooked No More: Bette Nesmith Graham, Who Invented Liquid Paper". The New York Times . Retrieved July 13, 2018. Unwanted Food or Drink Products - Once supply conditions are broken, there are a number of factors outside of our control that can affect the quality of a product. Therefore perishable goods such as food and drink cannot be returned.

In Latin America, "liquid paper" (or just "liquid") is also the colloquial term over the formal Spanish term, corrector. The organic solvent 1,1,1-trichloroethane was originally used as a thinner in the product. This solvent is readily absorbed by the lungs via inhalation. It passes readily through the blood–brain barrier and may be lethal following acute exposure. [6] 1,1,1-trichloroethane is also an ' ozone depleter', being one of the substances responsible for causing damage to the Earth's ozone layer. [7] For both reasons, it has not been added to Tipp-Ex since 2000, and it has been replaced by aliphatic hydrocarbons. [8] See also [ edit ]From the start, Graham ran her company with a unique combination of spirituality, egalitarianism, and pragmatism. Raised a Baptist, Graham converted to Christian Science in 1942, and this faith inspired the development of her corporate "Statement of Policy". Part code of ethics, part business philosophy, it covered everything from her belief in a "Supreme Being" to a focus on decentralized decision making and an emphasis on product quality over the pursuit of profit. She also believed that women could bring a more nurturing and humanistic quality to the male world of business, and provided a greenbelt with a fish pond, an employee library, and a childcare center in her new company headquarters in 1975. [2] Legacy [ edit ] One must write with a ball point pen on top of Tipp-Ex, as a liquid ink pen will smudge. Gel ink will require a few seconds to fully dry, but can be used if no ball point pen is available. [ citation needed] Toxicology [ edit ] James, Edward T., ed. (2004). Notable American Women. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. p.244. ISBN 9780674014886. Bette Nesmith Graham (March 23, 1924 – May 12, 1980) was an American typist, commercial artist, and the inventor of the correction fluid Liquid Paper. She was the mother of musician and producer Michael Nesmith of The Monkees. [1] Biography [ edit ]