What is red tape? definition and meaning". Businessdictionary.com. Archived from the original on 2012-11-09 . Retrieved 2012-10-09. Masood, Ayesha; Nisar, Muhammad Azfar (2020). "Crushed between two stones: Competing institutional logics in the implementation of maternity leave policies in Pakistan". Gender, Work & Organization. 27 (6): 1103–1126. doi: 10.1111/gwao.12448. ISSN 0968-6673. S2CID 216483634. Kaufmann, Wesley; Ingrams, Alex; Jacobs, Daan (2021). "Being Consistent Matters: Experimental Evidence on the Effect of Rule Consistency on Citizen Red Tape". The American Review of Public Administration. 51 (1): 28–39. doi: 10.1177/0275074020954250. ISSN 0275-0740. S2CID 225330022. Red tape is often used interchangeably with regulation or compliance generally. In the context of political ‘wars on red tape’, commentary which focuses on the origins and purpose of regulation notes that regulation can arise from a number of sources. These can include responses to market failures or incidents, citizen pressure, and non-governmental organisation campaigns. A ‘war on red tape’ is therefore considered inherently political, and relates to different perspectives on the function of regulation, and of the role of the state in society and the appropriate relationship between government, business, and the community. [18] Don’t apply regular toothpaste, because of abrasives that it contains. Instead, you can use anti-bacterial TePe Gingival Gel, which is especially designed for use with an interdental brush.

Barnes, Carolyn Y.; Henly, Julia (2018). " "They Are Underpaid and Understaffed:" How Clients Interpret Encounters with Street-Level Bureaucrats". Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. 28 (2): 165–181. doi: 10.1093/jopart/muy008. hdl: 10161/16179. Campbell, Jesse W.; Pandey, Sanjay K.; Arnesen, Lars (2022). "The ontology, origin, and impact of divisive public sector rules: A meta-narrative review of the red tape and administrative burden literatures". Public Administration Review. 83 (2): 296–315. doi: 10.1111/puar.13527. S2CID 249187464.

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It is generally believed that the term originated with the Spanish administration of Charles V, King of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor, in the early 16th century, who started to use red tape in an effort to modernize the administration that was running his vast empire. The red tape was used to bind the most important administrative dossiers that required immediate discussion by the Council of State, and separate them from issues that were treated in an ordinary administrative way, which were bound with ordinary string. [5] Red tape can be defined as organisational rules, regulations, and procedures that perform no significant social or administrative function. Formalization and red tape continue in force and result in inefficiency, pointless delays, and frustration. Fuenzalida, J., Gutiérrez, L., Fernández-Vergara, A., & González, P. (2022). Red Tape and burnout risks of public service managers: Evidence from a survey experiment of school principals. University of Oxford. Using an interdental brush on a daily basis, as an addition to tooth brushing, is an easy and efficient way to keep your gums and teeth fresh and healthy. When used every day, these brushes are effective in reducign the build-up of plaque. Cleaning with an interdental brush prevents gum inflammation, cavities and bad breath.

Stakeholder red tape: Organisational rules, regulations, and procedures that remain in force and entail a compliance burden, but serve no objective valued by a given stakeholder group. [16] How Leader's Red Tape Interacts With Employees' Red Tape From the Lens of the Job Demands-Resources Model". Sage Journal.

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The increased uptake of technology within the public service is an example of where red tape can affect the job satisfaction of employees. [50] Although technology is recognised as a tool that can improve efficiencies and performance, it can also hinder employees if they are not provided with the adequate support (job resources) to be able to take on a change in their role and responsibilities and expectations, and do well. [51] If employees perceive the changes in requirements to their job and day to day tasks as burdensome or not improving their ability to do their job, this is categorised as red tape. [52] Malkin, Elizabeth (8 January 2009). "For Redress of Grievances, Mexicans Turn to Bureaucracy Contest". New York Times . Retrieved 13 December 2015. The expression "cutting of red tape" generally refers to a reduction of bureaucratic obstacles to action. Public administration scholars have studied the impact of red tape on public servants through research on administrative performance, behavioral impact, and rule quality. [20] The neoliberal revolution of the 1970s and early 1980s, led by US President Ronald Reagan and UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, identified the state as the major culprit for ‘stagflation’, the combination of high unemployment, high inflation, and low economic growth. Government’s role, it was argued, should be steering, not rowing. Governments were seen as costly, inefficient, ineffective, risk-averse, coercive, and captured by rent seekers and sectional interests. [17] As of the early 21st century, Spanish bureaucracy continues to be notorious for unusually extreme levels of red tape (in the figurative sense). [7] As of 2013, the World Bank ranked Spain 136 out of 185 countries for ease of starting a business, which took on average 10 procedures and 28 days. [8]