Jacobite recruiting methods in Scotland varied across the country. Adherence was fundamentally decided by personal or local factors, [32] and often differed between officers and the rank and file. Mitchison, Rosalind (1983). Lordship to Patronage: Scotland, 1603-1745 (New History of Scotland) (1990ed.). Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0748602339. Main article: Jacobite rising of 1745 Lord George Murray, Jacobite lieutenant-general; while possessing considerable talents, his inability to take advice and personality clashes with Charles became a major factor in the campaign

A flag diagonally divided by white and red - white in the top and fly, red in the hoist and bottom. Rents were held at a low level due to this expectation and few tenants had written leases, increasing the pressure on them to comply. Known to 19th-century Irish historians as the " Patriot Parliament", it opened by proclaiming James as the rightful king and condemning the "treasonous subjects" who had ousted him. There were some divisions among Irish Jacobites on the issue of returning all Catholic lands confiscated in 1652 after the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland. The majority of the Irish House of Commons wanted the 1652 Cromwellian Act of Settlement repealed in its entirety, with ownership returned to that prevailing in 1641. This was opposed by a minority within the Catholic elite who had benefited from the 1662 Act of Settlement, a group that included James himself, Tyrconnell and other members of the Irish House of Lords. Instead, they suggested those dispossessed in the 1650s should be restored to half their estates and paid compensation for the remainder. [62] However, with the Commons overwhelmingly in favour of complete restoration, Tyrconnell persuaded the Lords to approve the bill. [63] While Francis Towneley, colonel of the Manchester Regiment, and other Jacobite officers were Catholic, contrary to government propaganda participants at all levels were overwhelmingly Protestant. [39] There was even a Quaker at Culloden, Jonathan Forbes, laird of Brux in Aberdeenshire, one of the only places in Scotland to establish a meaningful Non-Conformist presence during the period of religious toleration under the Protectorate in the 1650s. [40] Since a Stuart restoration was unlikely to improve the position of the Catholic Church, the link with Jacobitism was more likely a function of familial or other connections. [41] [b] Furgol, Edward M (2006). "Maclachlan, Lauchlan (1688–1746)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (onlineed.). Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/ref:odnb/17634. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)A key factor in recruiting was the feudal nature of clan society, which obliged tenants to provide their landlord with military service; the majority of Highland recruits came from a small number of western clans whose leaders joined the rebellion, like Lochiel and Keppoch. [24] This obligation was based on traditional clan warfare, which was short-term and emphasised raiding, rather than set piece battles; even experienced Highland generals like Montrose in 1645 or Dundee in 1689 struggled to keep their armies together and it continued to be a problem in 1745. [25] The personal banner of the current Duke, Prince William. The arms are based upon those of the Chief of Clan Stewart of Appin, and represent in the 1st and 4th quarters the title of Great Steward of Scotland whilst the 2nd and 3rd quarters represent the title of Lord of the Isles. In the centre, to difference the arms from those of Appin, is placed an escutcheon bearing the arms of the heir apparent to the King of Scots. [2] Lenman, Bruce (1980). The Jacobite Risings in Britain 1689–1746. Methuen Publishing. ISBN 978-0413396501. Oates, Joanthan, ed. (2006). The Memoir of Walter Shairp; the Story of the Liverpool Regiment during the Jacobite Rising of 1745 in Volume CXLII;. The Record Society of Lancashire and Cheshire. pp.8–12. ISBN 978-0-902593-73-2.

However, opposition to post-Union legislation was not restricted to Jacobites. Many Presbyterians opposed the establishment of the Episcopal Church in 1712 and other measures of indulgence, while the worst tax riots took place in Glasgow, a town noted for its antipathy to the Stuarts. [106] As in England, some objected less to the Union than the Hanoverian connection; Lord George Murray, a senior Jacobite commander in 1745, was a Unionist who repeatedly disagreed with Charles, but opposed "wars [...] on account of the Electors of Hanover". [107] Community [ edit ] Flora MacDonald by Allan Ramsay c. 1749–1750; note white roses, a Jacobite symbol The Royal coat of arms of the Kingdom of Scotland with a scroll underneath bearing the motto " NEMO ME IMPUNE LACESSIT" on a field of dark blue.

Get great features with your free account

Monday 19th September 1746 – After months of hiding, Bonnie Prince Charlie escapes by boat to France. He leaves his Jacobite friends and soldiers behind! Monod, Paul Kleber (1993). Jacobitism and the English People, 1688–1788. Cambridge University Press. pp.197–199. ISBN 978-0521447935. . Outside Ireland, Jacobitism was strongest in the western Scottish Highlands, Perthshire and Aberdeenshire, and areas of Northern England with a high proportion of Catholics such as western Lancashire, Northumberland and County Durham. [3] Sympathisers were also present in parts of Wales, the West Midlands and South West England, to some degree overlapping with areas that were strongly Royalist during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. The movement had an international dimension; several European powers sponsored the Jacobites as an extension of larger conflicts, while many Jacobite exiles served in foreign armies. Red, with a blue Nordic Cross outlined in yellow that extends to the edges of the flag. The colours from the Royal Standards of Scotland and of Norway and the Flag of Scotland. [7] However, recruiting figures did not necessarily reflect majority opinion; even among 'Jacobite' clans like the MacDonalds, major figures like MacDonald of Sleat refused to join. The commercial centres of Edinburgh and Glasgow remained solidly pro-government, while in early November there were anti-Jacobite riots in Perth. [30] This extended outside Scotland; after Prestonpans, Walter Shairp, a merchant from Edinburgh working in Liverpool, joined a local pro-government volunteer force known as the 'Liverpool Blues,' which participated in the second siege of Carlisle. [31] Recruiting methods and motivation [ edit ] Many senior Jacobites, such as their "General of Horse" Forbes of Pitsligo, combined a history of Stuart loyalism with bitter opposition to the 1707 Acts of Union.